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Argument 思路1. Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
(1). 河宽而深->P 的人只能坐船过去Assumption: the river has not changed drastically; there were no other ways to get to the other side of the river.
Counterexample: 以前河不宽不深;绕源头;冬天结冰Additional Evidence: 河道变迁的信息，到源头的距离，冬天河水状况(2). 没发现船->没有 P 的船Assumption: if no boats were found, then there must have been no boats at all.
Counterexample: 木船经过几千年早腐朽了Additional Evidence: 文献资料，史料记载(3). P 的人只能坐船过去+没有 P 的船->在 L 发现的篮子不是 P人造的Assumption: the basket could only be carried by Palean people to Lithos at that time. Counterexample: L 人有船Additional Evidence: L 船的证据2. The following appeared as part of a letter to the editor of a scientific journal.
"A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an individual's levels of stimulation. The study showed that in stimulating situations (such as an encounter with an unfamiliar monkey), firstborn infant monkeys produce up to twice as much of the hormone cortisol, which primes the body for increased activity levels, as do their younger siblings. Firstborn humans also produce relatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations (such as the return of a parent after an absence). The study also found that during pregnancy, first-time mother monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those who had had several offspring."Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
(1). 第一胎猴子分泌 C 两倍于其弟弟妹妹->第一胎的孩子面对刺激时反应更激烈Assumption: there are no other causes that may lead to the same phenomena Counterexample: 年龄;年龄大的猴子可能更成熟，面对外界刺激更能够意识到危险的存在， 因此反应更激烈。
Additional Evidence:
对照组 1: 设计一群猴子，拥有同样的胎数，但是不同的年龄;如果它们面对同样的刺激，分泌的 C 量相似，则能够排除年龄的解释。
对照组 2: 设计一群猴子，不同的胎数，但是同样的年龄;如果它们面对同样的刺激，第一胎的猴子仍然分泌 C 更多，则能够加强胎数的解释。
(2). 第一胎的人分泌的 C 也较多->第一胎的人面对刺激反应更激烈Assumption: there are no other causes that may lead to the same phenomena Counterexample: 多多少?和谁比?如果是和人类一生当中的平均值相比，那就不能说明任 何问题。很可能是年轻时分泌就多。
Additional Evidence: 多多少，对比对象。
(3). 第一次怀孕的妈妈分泌的 C 也较多->孩子的胎数和面对刺激时反应的剧烈度有关Assumption: how mothers respond to stimuli can be passed on to their infants. Counterexample: 妈妈的剧烈性是因为没怀过孕，紧张。这种机制不会传递给孩子。孩子的 反应剧烈度和此毫无关系。
Additional Evidence: 提供生理上的信息来证明母子之间存在某种机制，可以传递这种反应 方式。
5. The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.
"On Balmer Island, where mopeds serve as a popular form of transportation, the population increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island should limit the number of mopeds rented by the island's moped rental companies from 50 per day to 25 per day during the summer season. By limiting the number of rentals, the town council will attain the 50 percent annual reduction in moped accidents that was achieved last year on the neighboring island of Seaville, when Seaville's town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals." Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
(1). 人数多，摩托车重要->需要减少摩托车带来的事故Assumption: 车多人多，事故就多Counterexample: 秩序非常好，街道宽阔，遵守交通，没必要限制Additional Evidence: 历史记录(2). S 执行了禁令，之后事故下降一半->禁令导致了 S 事故下降Assumption: no other causes Counterexample: 道路变好，交规更严格 Additional Evidence: 城市交通环境的变化(3). 禁令导致了 S 事故下降->禁令能够导致 B 事故下降 Assumption: B 的租赁摩托车占总摩托车数量比例很高 Counterexample: S 的摩托车主要是租赁，而 B 的摩托车主要是私车 Additional Evidence: 租赁摩托车的数量，以及总摩托车的数量8. The following appeared in a memo from the director of student housing at BuckinghamCollege.
"To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham."Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
(1). 招生增加->未来学生人数翻番Assumption: the trend of enrollment growth will continue in the next 50 years Counterexample: 教育需求下降，目前饱和，但是人数有限，增长到一定程度就不会增长了 Additional Evidence: 儿童人数的变化，学校的承载力影响: 没必要建楼(2). 租房均价上升->学生租不起Assumption: the type of apartments students rent are inf luenced by the trend of rent increase Counterexample: 很可能租房均价上升是被市中心的一些高级公寓拉动的，而这些公寓通常 不是学生组的。而学生租的房子并没有发生显著的价格变动。
Additional Evidence: 学生租的房子价格的变动(3). 漂亮的楼能够吸引学生来 B 学校Assumption: 就是这句话本身Counterexample: 人们去学校的原因通常不是漂亮的楼Additional Evidence: 调查人们去学校的原因13. In an attempt to improve highway safety, Prunty County last year lowered its speed limit from 55 to 45 miles per hour on all county highways. But this effort has failed: the number of accidents has not decreased, and, based on reports by the highway patrol, many drivers are exceeding the speed limit. Prunty County should instead undertake the same kind of road improvement project that Butler County completed five years ago: increasing lane widths, resurfacing rough highways, and improving visibility at dangerous intersections. Today, major Butler County roads still have a 55 mph speed limit, yet there were 25 percent fewer reported accidents in Butler County this past year than there were five years ago.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
(1). BC 报告事故减少+BC 做了各种措施->这些措施帮助 BC 事故减少Assumption: no other causes Counterexample: 人少了，惩罚更严格了 Additional Evidence: 人口变化，制度的执行力度(2). 这些措施帮助 BC 事故减少->这些措施能够帮助 PC 事故减少Assumption: the road systems and conditions of the two cities are similar Counterexample: PC 的路又宽又平，能见度又高，提高空间极小，而 BC 完全相反 Additional Evidence: 相关对比信息(3). PC 的事故量没有下降，并且很多人超速->替代方案无效Assumption: 车速没有下降，并且没有其它因素抵消这个政策的积极作用。 Counterexample: 超速的人大幅减少;以前超速更猛;人多了，车流量大了 Additional Evidence: 以前超速率，超速的速度;事故率17. The following appeared in a memorandum from the manager of WWAC radio station.
"To reverse a decline in listener numbers, our owners have decided that WWAC must change from its current rock-music format. The decline has occurred despite population growth in our listening area, but that growth has resulted mainly from people moving here after their retirement. We must make listeners of these new residents. We could switch to a music format tailored to their tastes, but a continuing decline in local sales of recorded music suggests limited interest in music. Instead we should change to a news and talk format, a form of radio that is increasingly popular in our area."Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
1. 人口增长由退休老头带来->我们需要关注老头听众Assumption: 老头人数众多。
Counterexample: 虽然增长多，但基数小，因此比例仍然小Additional Evidence: 人口组成2. 音乐唱片卖得差->做音乐节目无前途Assumption: 音乐唱片的销量代表了人们对于音乐的兴趣Counterexample: 盗版猖獗，唱片下滑;但买盗版是因为喜欢音乐。并且，可能广播音乐因为免费更受欢迎。
Additional Evidence: 音乐节目的关注度。
3. 音乐不行+老头多+新闻节目关注度上升->换成新闻能够更吸引关注Assumption: 老头们喜欢新闻节目Counterexample: 喜欢爵士，根本就不怎么听广播。而且，新闻节目关注度上升，但不知道本来怎么样，可能本来很差。
Additional Evidence: 新闻的收视率，老头喜好的调查，以及广播收听群体组成的调查35. The following appeared in a letter from the owner of the Sunnyside Towers apartment complex to its manager.
"One month ago, all the showerheads in the first three buildings of the Sunnyside Towers complex were modified to restrict maximum water f low to one-third of what it used to be. Although actual readings of water usage before and after the adjustment are not yet available, the change will obviously result in a considerable savings for Sunnyside Corporation, since the corporation must pay for water each month. Except for a few complaints about low water pressure, no problems with showers have been reported since the adjustment. I predict that modifying showerheads to restrict water f low throughout all twelve buildings in the Sunnyside Towers complex will increase our profits even more dramatically."Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction.
(1). 公司主要付水钱->节水带来了省钱Assumption: 人们用水时间没有显著增加，先前水压使用接近最大值。
Counterexample: 实际上，人们使用淋浴时间更长;实际上，本身最大水压就远达不到水龙 头的最大出水量的 1/3Additional Evidence: 等到水表读数出来再说话(2). 抱怨少->影响不大 Assumption: 不满的人会抱怨 Counterexample: 直接搬走Additional Evidence: 调查人们的满意度，调查楼里人数变化(3). 这三个楼成功->所有楼这么做都会节水Assumption: 各个楼类似Counterexample: 其它楼高很多，本来高层水压就不足Additional Evidence: 不同楼特点的比较37. The following appeared in a recommendation from the planning department of the city of Transopolis.
"Ten years ago, as part of a comprehensive urban renewal program, the city of Transopolis adapted for industrial use a large area of severely substandard housing near the freeway. Subsequently, several factories were constructed there, crime rates in the area declined, and property tax revenues for the entire city increased. To further revitalize the city, we should now take similar action in a declining residential area on the opposite side of the city. Since some houses and apartments in existing nearby neighborhoods are currently unoccupied, alternate housing for those displaced by this action will be readily available."Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
(1). 改造之后各种变化->改建带来了变化Assumption: 无它因Counterexample: 厂子本来就是高污染的地方，在地价低的地方才能建;人少了，所以犯罪 下降;全市的税收跟这儿一点关系都没的，是别的地方带来的。
Additional Evidence: 厂子的属性，该地区人口变化，tax 收入的来源。
(2). 改建带来了 f 地区的变化->改建将会带来对面地区的变化Assumption: 住宅需求不会上升Counterexample: 改建完第一个区域之后，工业发展需要已经得到了满足，将会拉动住宅需 求，此时推掉住宅反而会带来人们住宅需求的不能满足，进而反作用于工业的下降 Additional Evidence: 随着第一批楼改建所带来的住宅需要的变化(3). 一部分房子没人住->可以改建Assumption: 没人住的房子很多;不会有人住Counterexample: 新建的!快卖出去了!价太高卖不出去，但是有人有需要的!更多的房子有人住，不能随便推!
Additional Evidence: 房子的类型，价格;没人住的比例38. The following appeared in a memo from the new vice president of Sartorian, a company that manufactures men's clothing.
"Five years ago, at a time when we had difficulties in obtaining reliable supplies of high quality wool fabric, we discontinued production of our alpaca overcoat. Now that we have a new fabric supplier, we should resume production. This coat should sell very well: since we have not offered an alpaca overcoat for five years and since our major competitor no longer makes an alpaca overcoat, there will be pent-up customer demand. Also, since the price of most types of clothing has increased in each of the past five years, customers should be willing to pay significantly higher prices for alpaca overcoats than they did five years ago, and our company profits will increase."Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
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(1). New supplier -> 可以生产Assumption: 厂子其它方面资源能够满足生产要求;供应商原材料质量达标Counterexample: 质量差，专家技术设备都没了Additional Evidence: 原材料的质量，厂子的其它信息(2). 5 年没产也没竞争对手生产->有大量需求 Assumption: 不是因为没有需求而导致没人生产Counterexample: 过时Additional Evidence: 调查人们的需要(3). 衣服价钱上升->人们会舍得花钱->会赚钱Assumption: 各种衣服之间有可比性，成本没升Counterexample: 可能其它衣服质量大幅度提高，而 A coat 没有;成本上升更厉害，或者通货膨胀严重Additional Evidence: 其它衣服和 A coat 质量变化;成本价;通货膨胀率41. The following appeared in a health newsletter.
"A ten-year nationwide study of the effectiveness of wearing a helmet while bicycling indicates that ten years ago, approximately 35 percent of all bicyclists reported wearing helmets, whereas today that number is nearly 80 percent. Another study, however, suggests that during the same ten-year period, the number of bicycle-related accidents has increased 200 percent. These results demonstrate that bicyclists feel safer because they are wearing helmets, and they take more risks as a result. Thus, to reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents, the government should concentrate more on educating people about bicycle safety and less on encouraging or requiring bicyclists to wear helmets."Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
(1). 35%->80%+增长 200%的事故->事故由头盔造成Assumption: 不戴头盔的人少了Counterexample: 骑车人数大大增加，不戴头盔的人其实也多了，而出事故的普遍都是不带头盔的人Additional Evidence: 出事故的人的特征(2). 35%->80%+增长 200%的事故->事故由头盔造成Assumption: 没有其它原因可以解释Counterexample: 车多了，车速快了;人就是多了很多Additional Evidence: 城市交通特点的变化，人数变化(3). 头盔没能帮助减少事故->为了减少严重伤害不应该关注头盔Assumption: 头盔没能减少严重伤害Counterexample: 事故多了，确实有虚假安全感，但是头盔仍然很好的保护了出事故的人没出大的伤害Additional Evidence: 严重伤害案例中的人戴头盔的比例影响: 如果发现戴头盔的人普遍没受严重伤害，那么我们仍然应该加大以上就是GRE写作题目思路高频机经的全部内容，大家要好好学习，认真总结啊。更多GRE备考信息请登录前程百利GRE考试网站或拨打前程百利GRE考试热线400-890-6000咨询。
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