1753-IB16XOB8
1753-IB16XOB8
1753-IB16XOB8
1 撞刀信号的检测
所谓数控机床撞刀，指的是由于各种错误而导致刀具以非正常切削速度(一般是G00指令快速移动)与工件或机床其他部件发生的碰撞。要防止撞刀事故的发生，可以考虑使用接近开关对刀具与工件的位置关系进行判断，并检测此时车刀的移动速度和方向，以此通过判别。当判别到刀具与工件距离在警戒范围内，且刀具快速移动朝向工件时，就认为要发生撞刀事故。此时，控制系统发生动作，并实现电机制动。信号检测方法如下。
1.1 用接近开关对刀具与工件的位置关系进行判断
由电磁场理论可知，在受到时变磁场作用的任何导体中，都会产生电涡流。据此原理可自制金属传感器电路。在图1中，电路由振荡电路、比较电路和整形电路三部分组成。将车刀套入传感器线圈中，检测电路接通电源后，线圈振荡产生一个交变磁场，金属工件在此磁场中移动时产生涡流而吸取了振荡器的能量，使振荡器输出幅度线性衰减，衰减量的变化正比于金属工件和车刀的距离。振荡电路的输出幅值经过比较器进行比较，比较后的输出信号经过整形电路整形，可直接输入控制电路进行检测状态的判别。电涡流式传感器的灵敏度和线性范围与线圈产生的磁场强度和分布状况有关。接近开关的警戒距离可以通过调整传感器线圈的尺寸、形状及图1中R1的电阻来实现调节。
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