电机软启动器的基本工作原理：通过控制晶闸管的导通角，而控制负载的初始电压，然后逐步提高电压，待负载（一般指电动机）转速达到额定后，用旁路接触器使用全压。 1、软启动器（软启动器）是一种集电机软起动、软停车、轻载节能和多种保护功能于一体的新颖电机控制装置，国外称为Soft Starter。软启动器采用三相反并联晶闸管作为调压器，将其接入电源和电动机定子之间。这种电路如三相全控桥式整流电路。

2、使用软启动器启动电动机时，晶闸管的输出电压逐渐增加，电动机逐渐加速，直到晶闸管全导通，电动机工作在额定电压的机械特性上，实现平滑启动，降低启动电流，避免启动过流跳闸。待电机达到额定转数时，启动过程结束，软启动器自动用旁路接触器取代已完成任务的晶闸管，为电动机正常运转提供额定电压，以降低晶闸管的热损耗，延长软启动器的使用寿命，提高其工作效率，又使电网避免了谐波污染。软启动器同时还提供软停车功能，软停车与软启动过程相反，电压逐渐降低，转数逐渐下降到零，避免自由停车引起的转矩冲击。

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